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托福 TOEFL 一定常常聽到吧

沒錯！我今天就是要來介紹托福 TOEFL 考試以及托福 TOEFL的小分享

TOEFL iBT® 托福網路測驗是透過網路連線並利用電腦進行作答的測驗，考生必需使用耳機與麥克風，並使用電腦鍵盤在電腦上回答問題，測驗考生的聽、說、讀、寫四種技巧的能力，每個測驗技巧獨立計分，分數介於0至30之間，總分於介於0至120分之間，測驗時間大約為4個小時，主要在評量中階(intermediate)至高階(advanced)之英語能力。

TOEFL iBT測驗是由美國教育測驗服務社(Educational Testing Service, ETS)所研發出的一種評量工具，評估英語非母語人士在大學校園環境內使用英語的能力。TOEFL iBT測驗可以精確的量測出學生在大學校園情境中使用英語進行聽、說、讀、寫的能力。

TOEFL iBT測驗已在全球180個國家中施測，其成績於全世界130多個國家，及超過8500所的學校、學術機構與各級政府單位所接受。

托福分科單字 教育學(Pedagogy)單字(2)
adviser  (N.)   顧問 ( someone whose job is to give advice about asubject)
assignment  (N.) (尤指學業或工作方面的)功課 ；工作；分配(任務)；指派(人員)
bibliography (N.)  文獻目錄、參考書目 
broad (Adj.) 寬廣的；..寬的；廣泛的

托福分科單字 心理學(Psychology)單字(2)

computer analogy 電腦模擬

analogy  (N.)  類似；類比；比擬；類推

computer simulation 電腦類比

simulation  (N.)  類比，模仿（一組問題或事件的模型，可用於教導某人如何做某事，或製作此類模型的過程）

托福分科單字 心理學(Psychology)單字(1)

psychology (N.) 心理學        

mental (Adj.) 內心的，精神的，思想的，心理的；智慧的，智[腦]力的；〈口〉精神病的，意志薄弱的，愚笨的

       (N.) 精神病患者

physical (Adj.) 身體的，物質的，物理的

托福聽力考古題 history lecture - prehistoric prople of the Nevada desert

Man:

Today's lecture will center on prehistoric people of the Nevada desert. Now, most of these prehistoric desert people moved across the countryside throughout the year. You might think that they were wandering aimlessly --- far from it! They actually followed a series of carefully planned moves. Where they moved depended on where food was available --- places where plants were ripening or fish were spawning.  

Now often when these people moved, they carried all their possessions on their backs, but if the journey was long, extra food and tools were sometimes stored in caves or beneath rocks. One of these caves is now an exciting archaeological site. Beyond its small opening is a huge underground grotto. Even though the cave's very large, it was certainly too dark and dusty for the travelers to live in --- but it was a great place to hide things, and tremendous amounts of food supplies and artifacts have been found there. The food includes dried fish, seeds, and nuts. The artifacts include stone spear points and knives; the spear points are actually rather small. Here's a picture of some that were found. You can see their size in relation to the hands holding them. 

托福分科單字 政治學(Political Science)單字

Amendment  (N.) 修正案；修正條款；修訂

American Revolution 美國革命/獨立戰爭

anarchism  (N.) 無政府主義

centralize (V.)使集中；使實行中央集權制，使處於中央的控制下

托福聽力考古題 biology lecture  

Woman :

To us, the environment in which fish dwell often seems cold, dark, and mysterious. But there are advantages to living in water, and they have played an important role in making fish what they are. One is that water isn't subject to sudden temperature changes. Therefore it makes an excellent habitat for a cold-blooded animal. Another advantage is the water's ability to easily support body weight. Protoplasm has approximately the same density as water, so a fish in water is almost weightless. This "weightlessness" in turn means two things: One, a fish can get along with a light weight and simple bone structure, and two, limitations to a fish's size are practically removed.  

Yet there is one basic difficulty to living in water --- the fact that it's incompressible. For a fish to move through water, it must actually shove it aside. Most can do this by wiggling back and forth in snakelike motion. The fish pushes water aside by the forward motion of its head, and with the curve of its body and its flexible tail. Next, the water flows back along the fish's narrowing sides, closing in at the tail, and helping the fish propel itself forward.  

The fact that water is incompressible has literally shaped the development of fish. A flat and angular shape can be moved through water only with difficulty. And for this reason, fish have a basic shape that is beautifully adapted to deal with this peculiarity.

托福分科單字 文學(Literature)單字

Aestheticism (N.) 唯美主義

Allegory (N.) 寓言

autobiography (N.) 自傳( 體寫作 ) 

biography (N.) 傳記  

托福聽力考古題 discuss next week's schedule

Woman :

In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you. Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will, however, be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester. Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken; however, attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. So, remember: optional class next Wednesday; midterm, Friday.

托福聽力考古題 Art lecture- Grant Wood 

Man:

Before we begin our tour, I'd like to give you some background information on the painter Grant Wood --- we'll be seeing much of his work today.   

Wood was born in 1881 in Iowa farm country, and became interested in art very early in life. Although he studied art in both Minneapolis and at the Art Institute of Chicago, the strongest influences on his art were European. He spent time in both Germany and France and his study there helped shape his own stylized form of realism.  

When he returned to Iowa, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural life he saw around him and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century. His portraits of farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early settlers posed in front of their homes. His paintings of farmers at work, and of their tools and animals, demonstrate a serious respect for the life of the Midwestern United States. By the 1930's, Wood was a leading figure of the school of art called "American regionalism."  

托福聽力考古題 the medical school's rural opportunity program 

Woman :

 It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real live patient!  

Well, I have good news for you! You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year of  Medical school to get some hands-on experience! The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university's rural opportunity program. If you enroll in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks observing and assisting a real physician like me in a small rural community. You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention, and you can see what life as a country doctor is really like.  

The program was designed to encourage medical students like your selves to consider careers in rural communities that are still understaffed. It seems that medical students are afraid to go into rural family practice for two reasons. First, they don't know much about it. And second, specialists in the cities usually make more money. But, on the up-side, in rural practice, doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members of the community.