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 托福閱讀真題 Aggression 解答 (2)

6) 2

This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 5. The correct answer is choice 2, “a fear that their parents will punish them and stop loving them.” The question asks what causes the conflict between the desire to vent aggression and children’s fears. The answer is found in paragraph 5 in the sentence that reads, “Yet children, also fearing their parents’ punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses.” Answer choice 2 is the only choice that correctly identifies the cause of the conflict by repressing aggression in children.

7) 3

This is a Rhetorical Purpose question. If asks you why the author mentions that Freud described people as “steam engines” in the passage. The phrase being tested is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 3,”must vent their aggression to prevent it from building up.” Steam engines will explode if their steam builds up The same is true of people, as choice 3 indicates. The other choices are not necessarily true of both people and steam engines, so they are incorrect.

8) 2

This is a Sentence Simplification question. As with all of these items, a single sentence in the passage is highlighted:

For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression in unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.

The correct answer is choice 2. It contains all of the essential information in the highlighted sentence. The highlighted sentence compares people who believe particular acts of aggression are necessary and those who do not , in terms of their relative likelihood to act aggressively under certain conditions. This is precisely what choice 2 says: “People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more k=likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.” It compares the behavior of one type of person to that another type of person. Nothing essential has been left out, and the meaning has not been changed. Choice 1 changes the meaning of the sentence; it says categorically that “those (people) who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not (act aggressively).” The highlighted sentence merely says that such people are “less likely” to act aggressively, not that they never will; this changes the meaning. Choice 3 says, “People who normally do not believe that aggression necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.” This is incorrect because it leave out critical information: it does not mention people who do believe aggression is necessary. This choice does not make the same comparison as the highlighted sentence. Choice 4, “People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily during wartime,” also changes the meaning of the sentence by leaving out essential information. In this choice, no mention is made of people who do not believe aggression is necessary. This choice does not make the sane comparison as the highlighted sentence.