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 托福閱讀真題 Artisans and Industrialization 解答 (2)

7) 1

This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is spearheaded. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 1, “led.” The head of a spear leads the spear, so the craft workers who “spearheaded” this movement led it.

8) 2

This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 5. The correct answer is choice 3.” It was slow to improve conditions for workers.” The paragraph states,” More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850’s, and the courts also recognized workers’ right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.” This statement explicitly supports choice 3. All three others choices are contradicted by the paragraph.

9) 2

This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information about a particular phrase in the passage.

The phrase in question is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 2,”created divisions among workers.” The paragraph states (emphasis added):”…they (workers) were divides by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender; conflicting religious perspectives, occupational difference, political part loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. “so” political party loyalties and disagreements over tactics” are explicitly started as two cause of division among workers. The other choices are not stated and are incorrect.

10) 1

This is a Reference question. The word being tested is them. It is highlighted in the passage. This is a simple pronoun-referent item. The word them in this sentence refers to those people to whom “the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives.: Choice 1, “workers,” is the only choice that refers to this type of person, so it is the correct answer.

11) 4

This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 1 that represent the possible answer choices here.

Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skied artisans. ■ As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. ■ In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. W after 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■ Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.

The sentence provided, “ This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers,” is best inserted at square 4. The inserted sentence refers explicitly to “a new form of manufacturing.” This “ new form of manufacturing “ is the one mentioned in the sentence preceding square 4, “factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled labors.” The inserted sentence then explains that this new system depended on “the movement of

goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers.” The sentence that follows square 4 goes on to say, “Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.” Thus the inserted sentence contains references to both the sentence before square 4 and the sentence after square 4. This is not true of any the other possible insert points, so square 4 is the correct answer.

12)

This is a Fill in a Table question. It is completed correctly below. The correct choices for the “Before 1815” column are 2 and 6. Choice 3,5, and 7 belong in the “1815-1850” column . Choice 1 and 4 should not be used in either column.